这个项目主要是根据《python编程从入门到实践》这本书上的内容学这来的。
在这个项目中，随着游戏一步一步的深化，对于类的不断创建以及对于模块不断的重构，虽然这个步骤可能在你开始创建觉得麻烦一些，但是在以后的维护过程中却能省很大的力气。
这里主要是运用了pygame第三方库来实现的
主要是通过这篇文章来记录一下自己的第一个项目（书上有很清楚的解释）
新增了飞船上下移动操作

main.py

通过这个窗口来进行程序的执行与其他类的调用

import sys
import pygame
import functions
from pygame.sprite import Group
from sets import Sets
from ship import Ship
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
def run_game():pygame.init()setting=Sets()screen=pygame.display.set_mode((setting.screen_width,setting.screen_height))#标题pygame.display.set_caption("first game")#储存游戏统计stats=GameStats(setting)#初始化飞船ship=Ship(setting,screen)#储存子弹bullets=Group()#创建一群外星人aliens=Group()play_button=Button(setting,screen,"Play")sb=Scoreboard(setting,screen,stats)functions.creat_fleet(setting,screen,ship,aliens)while True:functions.check_event(setting,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)if stats.game_active:ship.update()functions.update_bullets(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)functions.update_aliens(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)functions.update_screen(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)
# 主函数为以下部分
run_game()

functions.py

简化代码结构，储存了大量的操作函数，简化main.py

import sys
import pygame
from time import sleep
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Aliendef check_keydown(event,setting,screen,ship,bullets):if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key==pygame.K_SPACE:fire_bullet(setting,screen,ship,bullets)elif event.key==pygame.K_UP:ship.moving_up=Trueelif event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:ship.moving_down=Trueelif event.key==pygame.K_q:sys.exit()def check_keyup(event,ship):if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Falseelif event.key==pygame.K_UP:ship.moving_up=Falseelif event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:ship.moving_down=Falsedef check_event(setting,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type==pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:check_keydown(event,setting,screen,ship,bullets)elif event.type==pygame.KEYUP:check_keyup(event,ship)elif event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()check_play_button(setting,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)def check_play_button(setting,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):button_checked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)if button_checked and not stats.game_active:setting.initialize_dynamic_settings()pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)#重置游戏统计信息stats.reset_stats()stats.game_active=True#重置计分牌sb.prep_high_score()sb.prep_level()sb.prep_score()sb.prep_ships()#清空列表aliens.empty()bullets.empty()#创建一群外星人creat_fleet(setting,screen,ship,aliens)ship.center_ship()def update_screen(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,alien,bullets,play_button):screen.fill(setting.color)sb.show_score()for bullet in bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullet()ship.blitme()alien.draw(screen)if not stats.game_active:play_button.draw_button()pygame.display.flip()def update_bullets(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):bullets.update()for bullet in bullets.copy():if bullet.rect.bottom<=0:bullets.remove(bullet)check_bullet_alien_conllisions(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
#子弹是否碰撞
def check_bullet_alien_conllisions(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)if collisions:for aliens in collisions.values():stats.score+=setting.alien_points*len(aliens)sb.prep_score()check_high_score(stats,sb)if len(aliens) == 0:# bullets.empty()setting.increase_speed()#提高等级stats.level+=1sb.prep_level()creat_fleet(setting, screen, ship, aliens)def fire_bullet(setting,screen,ship,bullets):if len(bullets) < setting.bullet_allowed:new_bullet = Bullet(setting, screen, ship)bullets.add(new_bullet)
#计算行容纳外星人
def get_number_aliens_x(setting,alien_width):available_space_x=setting.screen_width-5*alien_widthnumber_aliens_x=int(available_space_x/(2*alien_width))return number_aliens_x
#计算列容纳外星人
def get_number_rows(setting,ship_height,alien_height):available_space_y=(setting.screen_height-(3*alien_height)-ship_height)number_rows=int(available_space_y/(2*alien_height))return number_rows
#生成一个外星人
def creat_alien(setting,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_num):alien = Alien(setting, screen)alien_width = alien.rect.widthalien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width *alien_numberalien.rect.x = alien.xalien.rect.y = alien.rect.height+2*alien.rect.height*row_numaliens.add(alien)
#生成外星人群
def creat_fleet(setting,screen,ship,aliens):alien=Alien(setting,screen)number_aliens_x=get_number_aliens_x(setting,alien.rect.width)number_row=get_number_rows(setting,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)#创建一行外星人for row_number in range(number_row):for num in range(number_aliens_x):creat_alien(setting,screen,aliens,num,row_number)
#当外星人到达边缘
def check_fleet_edges(setting,aliens):for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.check_edges():change_fleet_direction(setting,aliens)break#将外星人向下移，并改变运动方向
def change_fleet_direction(setting,aliens):for alien in aliens.sprites():alien.rect.y+=setting.fleet_drop_speedsetting.fleet_direction *=-1#检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端
def check_aliens_bottom(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):screen_rect=screen.get_rect()for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.rect.bottom>=screen_rect.bottom:ship_hit(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)breakdef update_aliens(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):check_fleet_edges(setting,aliens)aliens.update()if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):ship_hit(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)check_aliens_bottom(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
#检查飞船是否撞击
def ship_hit(setting,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):if stats.ships_left>0:stats.ships_left-=1sb.prep_ships()aliens.empty()bullets.empty()#创建新外星人，重置飞船creat_fleet(setting,screen,ship,aliens)ship.center_ship()#暂停sleep(2)else:stats.game_active=Falsepygame.mouse.set_visible(True)def check_high_score(stats,sb):if stats.score>stats.high_score:stats.high_score=stats.scoresb.prep_high_score()

sets.py

储存了大量的初始设置，如果更改属性，直接更改sets.py内容

import pygame
class Sets:def __init__(self):#初始屏幕大小设置self.screen_width=1400self.screen_height=700self.color=(255,255,255)#飞船速度设置self.ship_speed_factor=0.3self.ship_limit=3#子弹设置self.bullet_speed_factor=1self.bullet_width=3self.bullet_height=15self.bullet_color=0,0,0self.bullet_allowed=10#外星人设置self.alien_speed_factor=0.5self.fleet_drop_speed=10self.fleet_direction=1#按钮设置self.button_width=200self.button_height=50self.button_color=(72,61,139)self.button_text_color=(255,255,255)self.button_font=pygame.font.SysFont('arial',30)#以什么样的速度急速游戏节奏self.speedup_scale=1.2#外星人点数题高self.score_scale=1.5self.initialize_dynamic_settings()#显示得分的字体设置self.score_text_color=(30,30,30)self.score_font=pygame.font.SysFont('arial',30)def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):self.ship_speed_factor=0.7self.bullet_speed_factor=2self.alien_speed_factor=0.5self.fleet_direction=1#计分self.alien_points=50def increase_speed(self):self.ship_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale;self.bullet_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scaleself.alien_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scaleself.alien_points=int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)#print(self.alien_points)

bullet.py

储存子弹的一些操作

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):def __init__(self,settings,screen,ship):super().__init__()self.screen=screenself.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,settings.bullet_width,settings.bullet_height)self.rect.centerx=ship.rect.centerxself.rect.top=ship.rect.top#储存子弹位置self.y=float(self.rect.y)self.color=settings.bullet_colorself.speed_factor=settings.bullet_speed_factordef update(self):#更新子弹位置self.y-=self.speed_factorself.rect.y=self.ydef draw_bullet(self):pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

ship.py

储存飞船的一系列内容

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):def __init__(self,setting,screen):#初始飞船位置super(Ship,self).__init__()self.screen=screen#飞船速度self.setting=settingself.image=pygame.image.load('image.bmp')self.rect=self.image.get_rect()self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()#位置为中央self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerxself.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottomself.center=float(self.rect.centerx)self.centery=float(self.rect.centery)#飞船移动self.moving_right=Falseself.moving_left=Falseself.moving_up=Falseself.moving_down=Falsedef update(self):if self.moving_right and self.rect.right<self.screen_rect.right:self.center+=self.setting.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_left and self.rect.left>0:self.center-=self.setting.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_up and self.rect.top>0:self.centery-=self.setting.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom<self.screen_rect.bottom:self.centery+=self.setting.ship_speed_factorself.rect.centerx=self.centerself.rect.centery=self.centery#在指定位置绘制飞船def blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)def center_ship(self):self.center=self.screen_rect.centerxself.centery=self.screen_rect.bottom-30

alien.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):def __init__(self,setting,screen):super().__init__()self.screen=screenself.setting=setting#加载外星人图像self.image=pygame.image.load('alien.bmp')self.rect=self.image.get_rect()#出现在左上角附近self.rect.x=self.rect.widthself.rect.y=self.rect.heightself.x=float(self.rect.x)def blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)#检查是否在屏幕边缘def check_edges(self):screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()if self.rect.right>=screen_rect.right:return Trueelif self.rect.left<=0:return Truedef update(self):self.x+=self.setting.alien_speed_factor*self.setting.fleet_directionself.rect.x=self.x

game_stats.py

跟踪游戏统计信息类

class GameStats():def __init__(self,setting):self.game_active=Falseself.setting=settingself.reset_stats()self.high_score=0def reset_stats(self):self.ships_left=self.setting.ship_limitself.score=0self.level=1

button.py

游戏按钮储存

import pygame.font
class Button():def __init__(self,setting,screen,msg):#初始化按钮self.screen=screenself.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()#设置按钮尺寸及其其他属性self.width=setting.button_widthself.height=setting.button_heightself.button_color=setting.button_colorself.text_color=setting.button_text_colorself.font=setting.button_font#创建按钮使其剧中self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)self.rect.center=self.screen_rect.centerself.prep_msg(msg)#将msg渲染成图像def prep_msg(self,msg):self.msg_image=self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)self.msg_image_rect=self.msg_image.get_rect()self.msg_image_rect.center=self.rect.center#绘制用一个颜色填充的按钮，在绘制文本def draw_button(self):self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

scoreboard.py

游戏计分

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard():def __init__(self,setting,screen,stats):self.screen=screenself.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()self.setting=settingself.stats=statsself.text_color=setting.score_text_colorself.font=setting.score_fontself.prep_score()self.prep_high_score()self.prep_level()self.prep_ships()def show_score(self):self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)self.ships.draw(self.screen)def prep_score(self):#score_str=str(self.stats.score)rounded_score=int(round(self.stats.score,-1))score_str="Current score: "+"{:,}".format(rounded_score)self.score_image=self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.setting.color)#计分显示在右上角self.score_rect=self.score_image.get_rect()self.score_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right-20self.score_rect.top=20def prep_high_score(self):high_score=int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))high_score_str="Highest score: "+"{:,}".format(high_score)self.high_score_image=self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.setting.color)self.high_score_rect=self.high_score_image.get_rect()self.high_score_rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerxself.high_score_rect.top=self.score_rect.topdef prep_level(self):self.level_image=self.font.render("Level: "+str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.setting.color)#放在等级下方self.level_rect=self.level_image.get_rect()self.level_rect.right=self.score_rect.rightself.level_rect.top=self.score_rect.bottom+10def prep_ships(self):self.ships= Group()for ship_num in range(self.stats.ships_left):ship=Ship(self.setting,self.screen)ship.rect.x=10+ship_num*ship.rect.widthship.rect.y=10self.ships.add(ship)